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Extensive splicing deficiency in a degenerating mating-type chromosome.

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Splicing defects in non-recombining UV mating-type regions cause genomic erosion in phytoplankton. These splicing deficiencies, driven by altered chromatin, lead to non-functional mRNA, offering an alternative to gene loss in genomic decay.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic erosion in non-recombining regions is poorly understood.
  • Splicing is crucial for gene function and can be affected by genomic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate splicing fidelity in non-recombining UV mating-type regions of phytoplankton.
  • Explore the evolutionary mechanisms and consequences of splicing defects in these regions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics across four phytoplankton species.
  • Long-read sequencing to analyze mRNA isoforms.
  • Analysis of sequence composition and chromatin organization.

Main Results:

  • Elevated intron retention and truncated mRNA isoforms observed in UV regions.
  • Splicing defects appear ancient, originating early in UV region evolution.
  • Chromatin changes (GC content, nucleosome occupancy, methylation) linked to splicing fidelity loss.

Conclusions:

  • Splicing deficiency is a novel mechanism of genomic erosion in non-recombining regions.
  • Algal UV systems provide a model for studying RNA processing in suppressed recombination environments.
  • Transcript-level dysfunction offers an alternative to gene loss for functional decay.