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  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Paediatrics
  9. Infant And Child Health
  11. Cognitive Reserve In Seven-year-old Children At Familial High Risk Of Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Paediatrics
  9. Infant And Child Health
  11. Cognitive Reserve In Seven-year-old Children At Familial High Risk Of Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder.

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Cognitive reserve in seven-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Patricia Camprodon-Boadas1,2,3,4,5, Aja Neergaard Greve6,7,8, Nicoline Hemager7,9,10,11

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. camprodon@recerca.clinic.cat.

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|December 22, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children at high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have lower cognitive reserve (CR) early in development. Higher CR is linked to better functioning and neurocognition, suggesting its potential in preventative interventions for at-risk youth.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderCognitive reserveHigh-risk populationsSchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive reserve (CR) aids brain adaptability, positively influencing clinical outcomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
  • Early identification of factors influencing mental health trajectories in high-risk children is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective role of cognitive reserve (CR) in children with familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) compared to population-based controls (PBC).
  • To examine the association between CR and clinical and neurocognitive outcomes in these pediatric groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 522 seven-year-old children (FHR-SZ, FHR-BP, PBC) from The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study.
  • CR assessed via principal component analysis using IQ, school performance, peer relations, activities, developmental milestones, and parental factors.
  • Clinical outcomes: global functioning, psychopathology, psychotic experiences. Neurocognitive outcomes: processing speed, attention, memory, set-shifting.

    • Main Results:

    • CR was significantly lower in children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP compared to PBC.
    • Children at FHR-SZ exhibited lower CR than those at FHR-BP.
    • Across all groups, higher CR was associated with better global functioning, enhanced neurocognitive performance, and reduced psychopathology and psychotic experiences.

    Conclusions:

    • Children with familial risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder demonstrate reduced cognitive reserve at an early developmental stage.
    • Cognitive reserve may act as a protective factor against psychopathology and neurocognitive deficits.
    • CR presents a potential target for early preventative interventions to modify long-term outcomes in high-risk populations.