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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
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Unprecedented polyvinyl polymer loading on SWCNTs in the liquid phase.

Leshan Usgodaarachchi1,2, Eleftheria Zelou1,2, Vikraman Haribaskar2

  • 1Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/IMSE, 14-20 boulevard Newton, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France. berengere.lebental@univ-eiffel.fr.

Nanoscale
|December 22, 2025
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Summary

Researchers achieved exceptionally high polymer adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in liquid phase. This breakthrough offers significant potential for CO2 sequestration and environmental remediation applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show promise for reducing pollution but have limited adsorption capacity in solid-phase applications.
  • Liquid-phase functionalization of CNTs is of interest, yet maximum adsorption capacities remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the liquid-phase adsorption kinetics and capacities of specific polyvinyl polymers onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
  • To explore potential applications in environmental remediation, including CO2 sequestration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UV-Vis spectroscopy to monitor the adsorption of three polyvinyl polymers onto SWCNTs dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • Analyzed adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data, modeling capacities using Freundlich isotherms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved exceptionally high polymer adsorption capacities, up to 20 g/g SWCNTs, significantly exceeding solid-phase studies.
  • Freundlich isotherm exponents near 1 indicated a homogeneous adsorption process influenced by polymer-SWCNT and polymer-polymer interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid-phase adsorption onto SWCNTs demonstrates remarkably high capacities, surpassing traditional materials.
  • These findings suggest promising applications for SWCNTs in CO2 capture, air purification, and water treatment.