Dynamic and differential renal cortical cell-specific mitochondrial metabolism in response to fasting

The metabolic health of the kidney is directly correlated to the risk of progressive kidney disease. Our understanding of the metabolic processes that fuel the diverse functions of the kidney is limited by the kidney's structural and functional heterogeneity, especially in key metabolic organelles such as the mitochondria. As the kidney contains many different cell types, we sought to determine the intrarenal mitochondrial heterogeneity that contributes to cell-specific metabolism. To interrogate this, we used a recently developed mitochondrial tagging technique, MITO-Tag, to isolate kidney cell-type-specific mitochondria. Here, we investigated mitochondrial functional capacities and the metabolomes of the early and late proximal tubule (PT) and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The conditional MITO-Tag transgene was combined with Slc34a1-CreERT2, Ggt1-Cre, or Pvalb-Cre transgenes to generate mouse models capable of cell-specific isolation of hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged mitochondria from the early PT, late PT, or the DCT, respectively. Functional assays measuring mitochondrial respiratory and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) capacities and metabolomics were performed on anti-HA immunoprecipitated mitochondria from kidneys of ad libitum-fed and 24-h fasted male mice. The renal MITO-Tag models targeting the early PT, late PT, and DCT revealed differential mitochondrial respiratory and FAO capacities, which dynamically changed during fasting conditions. The renal MITO-Tag model captured differential mitochondrial metabolism and functional capacities across the early PT, late PT, and DCT at baseline and in response to fasting.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study describes the generation and application of mouse models capable of interrogating kidney tubular epithelial cell-specific mitochondrial metabolism. Applying the MITO-Tag system in the kidney, we have, for the first time, defined the mitochondrial metabolic heterogeneity of renal cortical tubular epithelium and discovered differential mitochondrial functional capacities in response to an acute metabolic stress such as fasting.