Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.6K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.6K
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

2.4K
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
2.4K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

744
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
744
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

503
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
503
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

11.5K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
11.5K
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

6.2K
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The collection of speech data for the assessment of cognition remotely: Balancing ethical and practical challenges.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Spiro-Linked Polyketides from Cultures of <i>Westerdykella dispersa</i> Ca4-13 as Inhibitors of iNOS-Associated Neuroinflammation.

Journal of natural products·2026
Same author

Benzydamine Attenuates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Through Inhibition of ERK MAPK in Activated Human Monocytic Cells Under Hyperglycemic Condition.

Mediators of inflammation·2026
Same author

Evaluating physicians' teaching perspectives and demonstration of core competencies in clinical shadowing.

BMC medical education·2025
Same author

Aging-associated immune signature as a predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease: results from the longitudinal iESRD study.

Immunity & ageing : I & A·2025
Same author

Anti-herpetic treatment reduces dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2025
Same journal

Compartment-specific analysis reveals disrupted astrocytic calcium transients in anesthetized Alzheimer's disease mice.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

<i>APOE</i> ε4-specific associations between agitation, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognitive decline in cognitively impaired patients.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

Depressive-cognitive interactions modulate amygdala and hippocampus functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

The blood-brain barrier-penetrating fusion protein BBB-ABP selectively binds amyloid-β oligomers and prevents in vitro neurotoxicity.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

Process-level eye-movement dynamics enhance sensitivity to early Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive vulnerability.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

National trends and disparities in mortality among U.S. older adults, with coexisting Alzheimer's disease and hypertension, 1999-2023.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Full- versus Sub-Regional Quantification of Amyloid-Beta Load on Mouse Brain Sections
07:28

Full- versus Sub-Regional Quantification of Amyloid-Beta Load on Mouse Brain Sections

Published on: May 19, 2022

4.5K

Relationship between amyloid burden, cholinergic integrity, and cognitive function.

Li-Hua Lee1, Chia-Ju Chou1, Yao-Chia Shih2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholinergic white matter integrity is linked to amyloid buildup in early Alzheimer's disease, impacting cognitive function. This association is more evident in non-carriers of the apolipoprotein E4 gene.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseamyloid burdenapolipoprotein E4 carriercholinergic integritycognition

More Related Videos

Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps
10:19

Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps

Published on: August 14, 2016

9.6K
Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-&#946; Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits
08:01

Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-β Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits

Published on: March 16, 2016

44.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Full- versus Sub-Regional Quantification of Amyloid-Beta Load on Mouse Brain Sections
07:28

Full- versus Sub-Regional Quantification of Amyloid-Beta Load on Mouse Brain Sections

Published on: May 19, 2022

4.5K
Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps
10:19

Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps

Published on: August 14, 2016

9.6K
Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-&#946; Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits
08:01

Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-β Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits

Published on: March 16, 2016

44.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Amyloid accumulation and cholinergic white matter degeneration are hallmarks of early Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • The precise relationship between amyloid burden and cholinergic pathway integrity in AD pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between amyloid accumulation, cholinergic white matter pathway integrity, and cognitive performance in early AD.
  • To explore how apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype influences these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 109 participants (37 controls, 72 early AD).
  • Neuropsychological testing (MMSE, CDR-SB, verbal fluency).
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for cholinergic white matter integrity and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) for amyloid burden.

Main Results:

  • Amyloid burden and cholinergic integrity were independently associated with cognitive performance in all participants.
  • In early AD, amyloid burden correlated with MMSE, and cholinergic integrity correlated with all cognitive measures.
  • Amyloid burden and cholinergic integrity were significantly correlated only in APOE4 non-carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Cholinergic white matter integrity, influenced by amyloid burden, may serve as a specific imaging biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease.
  • This association is particularly pronounced in individuals without the APOE4 gene variant.