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Overview of Cell Death01:30

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...

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Calculating post-mortem interval by using the morphological changes in leucocytes.

Mahaluxmi Saravanamurugan1, Jayanthi Yadav1, Arneet Arora1

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhopal, India.

Medicine, Science, and the Law
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Summary

Investigating post-mortem blood cell changes, this study simulated anoxic conditions in vitro. While similar morphological changes occurred, cadaver samples showed rapid degradation compared to stored blood, suggesting differences in post-mortem analysis.

Keywords:
Forensic medicineblood cell morphologyforensic pathologyleucocytestime since death

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lack of oxygen post-mortem causes morphological changes in blood cells.
  • This study explores simulating in-vivo anoxic conditions in vitro to observe these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if in-vitro stored blood exhibits similar morphological changes as in-vivo post-mortem blood.
  • To develop a scale correlating morphological changes with time since death.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples from 186 live volunteers and 60 cadavers were collected.
  • Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope, classifying cells into four stages based on nuclear changes.
  • Stages included normal, pyknosis, vacuolated/fragmented nucleus, and complete lysis.

Main Results:

  • The sequence of morphological changes was consistent between in-vitro stored samples and in-vivo cadaver samples.
  • However, changes in cadaver samples occurred more rapidly than in in-vitro stored samples.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests in-vitro and in-vivo post-mortem conditions may not be entirely similar regarding the rate of cellular change.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm or refute the hypothesis and consider confounding factors.