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Related Concept Videos

Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR

SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
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The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...

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A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes
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Trends from the Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System: 2021-2024.

Jaejoon Shin1, Emily M Ledingham2, Michelle McKenzie3

  • 1Junior Project Manager, Center for Health Data and Analysis (CHDA), Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH).

Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fatal overdoses are rising in Rhode Island. Harm reduction practices decreased in 2024, highlighting the need for tailored programs, especially for individuals with disabilities.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Rising fatal overdoses in Rhode Island necessitate understanding substance use and harm reduction.
  • Critical need to inform prevention strategies through data on non-prescribed substance use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate trends in substance use behaviors.
  • Assess overdose experiences and harm reduction practices.
  • Focus on individuals using non-prescribed substances in Rhode Island.

Main Methods:

  • Convenience sample of 673 participants.
  • Data collected via the Harm Reduction Surveillance System (HRSS) from 2021-2024.
  • Analysis of self-reported substance use, overdose, and harm reduction practices.

Main Results:

  • Most common substances used: alcohol (73%), crack cocaine (72%), cannabis (69%), cocaine (42%), fentanyl/heroin (39%).
  • Observed decrease in harm reduction practices in 2024 after a 2021-2023 increase.
  • 86% of participants reported having a disability.

Conclusions:

  • Significant portion of participants have disabilities, requiring tailored harm reduction.
  • Need for comprehensive harm reduction programs to engage high-risk individuals.
  • Urgent need to address declining harm reduction practices.