Lincomycin residues in liver, bovine muscle tissue, milk, poultry meat, eggs, and honey: Method development and...

This study presents and validates a simple, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of lincomycin in liver, bovine muscle tissue, milk, poultry meat, eggs, and honey. The method employs a liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation technique, eliminating the need for solid-phase extraction cartridges. This approach offers a cost-effective and rapid alternative, which is essential for routine analysis. The validation procedure encompassed selectivity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, and decision limit. The method demonstrated excellent linearity with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9977 to 0.9999 across all matrices. Limit of detection values ranged from 0.04 to 2 μg/kg, while limit of quantification values ranged from 0.13 to 6.6 μg/kg. Recovery rates were between 70 % and 124 % and decision limits ranged from 0.15 to 543 μg/kg. Out of the 180 real samples analyzed, 31 were detected as positive. Continuous monitoring studies should be conducted regularly to determine the presence of veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin, poultry meat, and honey. These studies will help identify the sources of these residues and facilitate the implementation of secure preventive and remedial strategies.