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Depressive symptom trajectories preceding cardiovascular disease: Findings from three national cohorts.

Jiaxing Du1, Meifei Li2, Simin Ou3

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|December 22, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depressive symptoms can significantly increase years before a cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis, indicating a long prodromal phase. Monitoring these symptoms may help identify high-risk individuals for early CVD prevention.

Keywords:
Acceleration periodCardiovascular diseaseDepressive symptomTrajectories

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk identification is vital for prevention.
  • The preclinical phase of CVD is challenging to detect.
  • Depressive symptoms may serve as an early indicator of CVD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the long-term trajectory of depressive symptoms before an incident CVD diagnosis.
  • To investigate the association between depressive symptom changes and CVD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study using data from ELSA, HRS, and SHARE.
  • Linear mixed-effects models and Cox proportional hazards models were employed.
  • Analysis focused on adults without CVD at baseline, using a reverse timescale.

Main Results:

  • 48,952 adults were analyzed.
  • Individuals who developed CVD showed accelerated depressive symptoms 8-16 years prior to diagnosis.
  • Higher depressive symptoms correlated with increased CVD risk (HRs 1.05-1.08).

Conclusions:

  • A sustained increase in depressive symptoms indicates a long prodromal phase for CVD.
  • Monitoring depressive symptom changes can aid in identifying individuals at high CVD risk.
  • This offers a window for targeted CVD preventive strategies.