[Research progress on precise lifestyle intervention for obesity based on genetic background]

With the advancement of genomic technologies, precision lifestyle interventions tailored to individual genetic backgrounds have emerged as a novel approach for preventing and managing chronic diseases such as obesity. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting obese or overweight populations have found that individuals with different genotypes exhibit varying responses to the same lifestyle intervention (gene-lifestyle intervention interactions). To date, more than 20 genes, including FTO and MC4R, have been identified to show such interactions, suggesting that genotype-based precision nutrition is a feasible approach. Based on this, some RCTs have compared the effectiveness of genotype-based precision interventions and one-fits-all interventions. However, current study results show considerable heterogeneity, and it remains inconclusive whether precision interventions are superior to one-fits-all interventions. Future studies should further explore precision intervention strategies, particularly by taking polygenic effects into account and integrating multi-omics data using methods such as machine learning, to provide new insights for precision interventions.