[Exploring hepatitis B virus throughout life: transmission, outcomes and problems]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant threat to global public health. As disease control strategies evolve to encompass the entire lifespan, there is an urgent need to establish a new system for the prevention and control of HBV. The concept of "lifespan exploration of HBV transmission" involves studying HBV transmission pathways across the entire lifespan of an individual, focusing on key risk areas for prevention and control at different life stages. This approach is based on three population groups: HBsAg-positive reproductive populations, pregnant women and mothers, and community populations. From microscopic genetic and molecular immunological studies to macroscopic epidemiological investigations, this approach aims to generate comprehensive research findings on HBV transmission and outcomes across the entire lifespan of high-risk populations, identify weaknesses and challenges in current research, and explore new research perspectives. These efforts will provide new insights for HBV prevention and control strategies and play a crucial role in advancing HBV prevention and control efforts in China.