[Research progress of allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis]

Allergic rhinitis (AR), a highly prevalent chronic non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, affects 10%-20% of the global population and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. The disease mechanism primarily involves IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity, where both environmental triggers (such as allergen exposure and pollution) and genetic susceptibility contribute to allergen sensitization. Current treatment follows the 'four-in-one' principle, with allergen immunotherapy (AIT)-induced immune tolerance standing as the only therapy capable of potentially altering the disease course. This article analyzes the clinical applications and recent progress in AIT,systematically evaluates novel AIT approaches, and proposes community-based implementation strategies informed by China-specific epidemiological data.