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Related Concept Videos

Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II01:18

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
Physical Therapist
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Effective communication among healthcare professionals during hand-off reporting is essential to delivering safe and continuous patient care. Common professional interactions include reports to healthcare team members, hand-off, and transfer reports. Nurses routinely report information to other healthcare team members and also urgently contact healthcare providers to report changes in patient status.
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Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
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Methods of Documentation II: POMR01:26

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The Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) revolutionized medical record-keeping by introducing a systematic approach focusing on the patient's problems rather than merely listing symptoms. Dr. Lawrence Weed's introduction of this method in the 1960s marked a significant advancement in medical documentation. The POMR framework consists of four key components: the database, problem list, plan of care, and progress notes.
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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Gender Differences in Inpatient Secure Chat Messaging Burden Among Internal Medicine Residents.

Stephanie A Saey1, Andrew J Halvorsen2, Hannah C Nordhues3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. saey.stephanie@mayo.edu.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Female internal medicine residents face higher secure messaging burdens, impacting workflow and contributing to burnout. Addressing these gender disparities is crucial for equitable training environments and physician well-being.

Keywords:
burnoutelectronic health record (EHR)gender disparitiesmedical educationsecure messaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Physician Workforce Research
  • Gender Studies in Medicine

Background:

  • Secure messaging via Electronic Health Records (EHR) is common in hospitals.
  • Gender disparities in EHR workload are known in outpatient settings but understudied in hospital-based resident physicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-based differences in secure messaging volume among internal medicine residents.
  • To explore residents' perceptions of secure messaging's impact on workflow, education, and burnout.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of secure messaging data from Epic's EHR for internal medicine residents (PGY1-PGY3).
  • Comparison of average messages sent/received per day by gender across rotations.
  • Anonymous survey assessing resident perceptions of messaging volume, workflow, education, and burnout.

Main Results:

  • Female residents received significantly more messages on specific rotations (PGY3 Hospital Medicine, PGY1 Cardiology).
  • Female residents sent more messages on several rotations and reported more frequent educational disruption.
  • Most residents found secure messaging hindered prioritization and contributed to burnout.

Conclusions:

  • Gender disparities in secure messaging volume and perceived burden exist among internal medicine residents.
  • These disparities may stem from structural factors and gendered communication expectations.
  • Institutions should implement strategies to manage messaging volume, promote equity, and support trainees, particularly females.