Unveiling the gendered dimensions of conflict-driven displacement: analyzing perceptions and attitudes toward gender-based violence among internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso has been dealing with a worsening security situation since 2015, resulting in more than two million people being forced to leave their homes. Gender-based violence (GBV) has escalated and is a major issue in situations involving conflict and forced displacement. This research examines the views and opinions of internally displaced individuals on VBG in Burkina Faso, specifically emphasizing how ingrained social structures contribute to this problem.

This study employed a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research design. The research was conducted in Kaya city, a region heavily impacted by displacement. Data were collected through 58 focus group discussions, which included 352 participants. The data were thematically analyzed using NVivo 12 and the approach developed by Braun and Clarke, enabling a thorough identification of key patterns and themes.

Findings enabled the identification of several critical dimensions of GBV, its root causes, and risk factors. GBV was highlighted as deeply rooted in cultural and structural determinants, with gender inequality, power imbalances, and entrenched social constructs forming its primary foundations. Economic hardship, ignorance, behavioral issues like alcohol misuse, and institutional shortcomings were seen as contributors exacerbating GBV but not necessarily its root causes. Participants emphasized heightened GBV risks during humanitarian crises, manifesting in physical, sexual, and psychological violence linked to harmful traditional practices like female genital mutilation (FGM), forced marriages, and the sexual division of labor. Though harmful practices persist, divergent views on GBV trends emerged, with some reporting reductions due to shifting behaviors or constraints. Preventive efforts, such as awareness campaigns and local interventions, were noted but insufficient against sociocultural barriers to survivor support, including stigmatization and victim-blaming.

This research elucidates the deep-rooted sociocultural and structural determinants of GBV, reflecting persisting gender inequities and systemic oppression. The findings underscore the pressing requirement for thorough communication plans that increase understanding of accessible services and foster participation despite the widespread stigma, shame, and fear that prevent individuals from seeking help.