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Related Concept Videos

Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms


An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum numbers:  n, l, ml, and...
Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Deep-learning electronic structure calculations.

Zechen Tang1, Haoxiang Chen2, Yang Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Nature Computational Science
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep learning is overcoming the accuracy-efficiency trade-off in electronic structure calculations. New methods like deep learning quantum Monte Carlo and deep learning density functional theory enable more complex and larger-scale simulations in materials science and chemistry.

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Published on: October 12, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science

Background:

  • First-principles electronic structure calculations are crucial for scientific discovery.
  • Their advancement is limited by the accuracy-efficiency dilemma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight deep-learning methodologies that address the accuracy-efficiency challenge in electronic structure calculations.
  • To showcase how these methods extend the capabilities of quantum mechanical simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Deep-learning quantum Monte Carlo for accurate correlated electron studies.
  • Deep-learning density functional theory for efficient large-scale material simulations.

Main Results:

  • Breakthroughs in deep learning address the accuracy-efficiency dilemma.
  • New methods enable accurate and efficient electronic structure calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning significantly enhances the scale and complexity of first-principles calculations.
  • These advances amplify the impact of quantum mechanics in scientific discovery.