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Optimal control strategy for electric vehicle powered by PV arrays and battery using sliding mode control and linear

Bibi Tabassam Gul1, Atif Rehman2, Hammad Iqbal Sherazi3

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.

Scientific Reports
|December 22, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
Electric vehicleLinear quadratic regulatorMaximum power point trackingSliding mode control

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