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Updated: Jan 8, 2026
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Genomic structure and selection history across Angus populations worldwide: insights from ROH, selection mapping, and
Henrique A Mulim1, Gabriel S Campos2,3, Fernando F Cardoso4
1Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. hmulim@purdue.edu.
Summary
Genomic analysis of five Angus cattle populations reveals distinct genetic profiles and selection histories. Findings support integrating global Angus populations for improved genomic evaluations and sustainable beef production.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Genomics
- Beef Cattle Breeding
Background:
- Angus cattle, originating from Scotland, are a globally significant beef breed with over 400 years of selective breeding.
- Key traits selected for include adaptability, polledness, growth, body size, and feed efficiency.
- Understanding genetic diversity and selection history is crucial for optimizing breeding strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate genetic diversity, selection history, and identify key genomic regions in five Angus cattle populations (USA, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Red Angus of America).
- To assess the impact of selection on traits like body weight, marbling, and tenderness.
- To evaluate the potential for integrating global populations for enhanced genomic evaluations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of genomic data from 71,283 Angus cattle using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), phylogenetic trees, and Runs of Homozigosity (ROH).
- Application of the Generation Proxy Selection Mapping (GPSM) approach to determine selection history.
- Functional annotation of identified genomic regions to pinpoint candidate genes and pathways.
Main Results:
- Minimal genetic differentiation was observed between American, Canadian, Australian, and Brazilian Angus populations, with Red Angus showing greater divergence.
- The Brazilian population exhibited the highest number of ROHs, indicating higher inbreeding.
- ROH islands on BTA8 and BTA13 were associated with body weight, marbling, and tenderness in American and Australian populations.
- GPSM identified significant markers for body weight and growth across all populations, reflecting ongoing selection.
Conclusions:
- Genomic analysis provides valuable insights into the genetic architecture and selection history of Angus cattle.
- Significant genetic similarities exist across major Angus populations, supporting integration.
- Genomic evaluations can be enhanced by integrating global populations, leading to improved genetic predictions and sustainable beef production.
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