Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients at a Single...

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) frequently requires empirical antibiotic treatment owing to its nonspecific symptoms and the need for urgent intervention. Understanding the epidemiology of patients hospitalized with CAP at a regional level is essential for developing effective treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CAP in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Korea.

Utilizing a common data model, we selected patients aged 18 years and older who were admitted to Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from January 2005 to July 31, 2019. These patients presented with pneumonia-related symptoms, such as fever or a respiratory symptom, and had a pneumonia diagnosis code within 7 days of admission. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without pneumonia, who had been hospitalized within 14 days before the start of the study, and those with pulmonary tuberculosis were excluded.

Out of 7,147 patients with pneumonia-related symptoms, 4,083 were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 70.1 years, with 66.7% being male. The most prevalent comorbidities were chronic lung disease (42.6%), malignancy (24.4%), and immunocompromised conditions (26.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most commonly identified pathogen in sputum cultures, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 3.9%. The factors significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality were male sex, immunocompromised status, presence of dyspnea, unstable vital signs, low hemoglobin levels, and high C-reactive protein levels.

In patients hospitalized with CAP in a tertiary care center in this study, gram-negative bacteria and the traditionally known S. pneumoniae were commonly found. This finding appeared related to patient age and underlying conditions such as chronic lung disease. Furthermore, male sex and an immunocompromised state were found to be significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality along with worse clinical indices.