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This study explores how deformable particles move in oscillating potentials. Particle deformability and system dynamics control transport direction and enable selective particle separation.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding active matter transport in complex environments is crucial.
  • Time-oscillating potentials create nonequilibrium conditions.
  • Particle deformability introduces unique transport behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the transport of multiple deformable particles in time-oscillating potentials.
  • To analyze the influence of self-propulsion, oscillation frequency, and particle interactions on transport.
  • To explore the potential for selective particle separation using tunable system parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of multiple deformable particles.
  • Analysis of transport dynamics under varying potential asymmetry, self-propulsion speed, and oscillation frequency.
  • Investigation of the effects of rotational noise and particle density.

Main Results:

  • Transport direction is dictated by the interplay between self-propulsion and potential oscillation frequency.
  • Particle deformability can enhance or hinder transport.
  • Rotational noise and particle density show nonmonotonic effects, leading to velocity reversals.
  • Collective interactions yield richer dynamics and enhanced transport rectification compared to single particles.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple velocity reversals are achievable by tuning system parameters, enabling selective particle separation.
  • The study deepens the theoretical understanding of active soft matter in time-dependent potentials.
  • Findings can guide experimental strategies for controlling and separating deformable particles.