Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

1.4K
The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
1.4K
Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

42.7K
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
42.7K
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

1.7K
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
1.7K
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

2.0K
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
2.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.4K
Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere01:22

Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere

2.2K
Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial for determining the expressions for the electric field for a particular charge distribution if the electric flux is known.
Consider a non-uniformly charged sphere, for which the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. Such a sphere has a spherically symmetrical charge distribution. Here, the electric...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fastq-dupaway: a fast and memory-efficient tool for deduplication of single- and paired-end NGS data.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Integration of HiMoRNA and RNAChrom: Validation of the Functional Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in the Epigenetic Regulation of Human Genes Using RNA-Chromatin Interactome Data.

Acta naturae·2025
Same author

Multiplicity of electron- and photon-seeded electromagnetic showers at multipetawatt laser facilities.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

RNA-Chrom: a manually curated analytical database of RNA-chromatin interactome.

Database : the journal of biological databases and curation·2023
Same author

[RNA-Chromatin Interactome: What? Where? When?]

Molekuliarnaia biologiia·2022
Same author

[Resistance to cellobiose lipids and specific features of lipid composition in yeast].

Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.7K

Strong-field ionization in particle-in-cell simulations.

A A Mironov1, E G Gelfer2,3, I I Tupitsyn4

  • 1Center for Theoretical Physics (CPHT), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.

Physical Review. E
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simulating multiple atomic ionization in intense fields requires advanced methods. This study introduces a new algorithm for particle-in-cell codes to accurately model nonsequential tunnel ionization, improving laser-plasma interaction simulations.

More Related Videos

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

9.1K
Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments
08:31

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Published on: June 27, 2022

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.7K
Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

9.1K
Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments
08:31

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Published on: June 27, 2022

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Atomic Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Simulating laser-plasma interactions requires accurate modeling of atomic ionization.
  • Existing particle-in-cell (PIC) codes face challenges in precisely describing multiple ionization events in high-intensity electromagnetic fields.
  • Sequential tunnel ionization models have limitations and inconsistencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of sequential ionization models in PIC simulations.
  • To develop and implement an algorithm for accurately capturing nonsequential tunnel ionization pathways.
  • To improve the precision of laser-plasma interaction simulations by enhancing ionization modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Revisiting Smirnov-Chibisov and Perelomov-Popov-Terent'yev ionization rate formulas.
  • Developing an algorithm to identify dominant nonsequential ionization paths.
  • Implementing the new ionization algorithm in the SMILEI PIC code, including magnetic quantum number dependence.
  • Conducting full simulations of argon ionization by high-intensity laser pulses.

Main Results:

  • Identified limitations and inconsistencies in sequential tunnel ionization models.
  • Developed and implemented a novel algorithm to accurately determine dominant nonsequential ionization pathways.
  • The new algorithm significantly improves the precision of ionization simulations within the SMILEI code.
  • Demonstrated the impact of ionization model variations on simulation outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate modeling of nonsequential ionization is crucial for precise laser-plasma simulations.
  • The proposed algorithm offers a significant advancement in simulating multiple ionization processes in PIC codes.
  • Further research into barrier suppression ionization models is needed for high-field applications.