Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.4K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.4K
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

13.9K
Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about...
13.9K
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

7.9K
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
7.9K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.2K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.2K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

215.6K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
215.6K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.1K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Autonomous behavior of active particles with visual perception in high-shear flow fields.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Controlling the reverse thermodiffusion in dumbbell-shaped active particle systems.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same author

Tumor proliferation and diffusion on percolation clusters.

Journal of biological physics·2016
Same author

Scaling dynamic response and destructive metabolism in an immunosurveillant anti-tumor system modulated by different external periodic interventions.

PloS one·2011
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature
08:04

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature

Published on: November 26, 2019

7.5K

Anomalous collective diffusion in two-dimensional active particle systems.

Weirong Zhong1

  • 1Jinan University, Department of Physics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Physical Review. E
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active Brownian particles show anomalous diffusion, violating Fick's law due to correlated movements. Their diffusion coefficient increases with system size, leading to superdiffusion.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.3K
Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature
08:04

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature

Published on: November 26, 2019

7.5K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.3K
Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Anomalous diffusion is a key characteristic of active Brownian particles, stemming from their complex dynamic behaviors.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for fields like soft robotics and biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mass diffusion of 2D active particles under concentration gradients.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind anomalous collective diffusion and superdiffusion in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analyzed particle trajectories, velocity spectra, and synchronization rates.
  • Studied systems of varying sizes under concentration gradients.

Main Results:

  • Observed anomalous collective diffusion that deviates from Fick's law.
  • Found that the diffusion coefficient diverges with increasing system size.
  • Identified correlated, synchronous movement patterns leading to large-scale structures and superdiffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed interpretation of the divergent characteristics and physical mechanisms driving active particle diffusion.
  • Highlights the role of long-time correlations and local synchronization in nonequilibrium dynamics.
  • Offers insights into the behavior of active particles in complex, non-equilibrium environments.