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Related Concept Videos

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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The Bode plot is an essential tool in control system analysis, mapping the frequency response of a system through a magnitude plot and a phase plot, both against a logarithmic frequency axis. To construct a Bode plot, consider the transfer function H(ω):
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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  9. Mathematical Aspects Of Quantum And Conformal Field Theory, Quantum Gravity And String Theory
  11. Field Theory Of Birhythmicity

Field theory of birhythmicity

Sergei Shmakov1, Peter B Littlewood2

  • 1University of Chicago, James Franck Institute, and Department of Physics, The , Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Physical Review. E
|December 23, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models nonequilibrium dynamics, exploring a transition from single to double limit cycle phases. It reveals critical phenomena like exceptional points and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang dynamics, enhancing our understanding of complex systems.

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Complex Systems Dynamics
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Nonequilibrium dynamics are crucial in diverse systems, from physics to neuroscience.
  • Key characteristics include broken fluctuation-dissipation relations and stable, non-static phases.
  • Limit cycles and birhythmicity (coexisting stable cycles) represent fundamental dynamical phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate phase transitions in nonequilibrium systems using a field-theoretic approach.
  • To model a single limit cycle phase with phase-amplitude coupling and its transition to a two-cycle phase.
  • To analyze the impact of nonequilibrium coupling on fluctuation spectra and critical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simple linear model for a single limit cycle phase.

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  • Extension of the model to incorporate a continuous transition to a two-cycle phase.
  • Application of field-theoretic tools to analyze fluctuation spectra and critical behavior.
  • Qualitative numerical demonstrations of theoretical predictions.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the effect of nonequilibrium phase-amplitude coupling on fluctuation spectra.
    • Identified the emergence of a critical exceptional point during the transition.
    • Observed the destruction of the transition and enhanced phase noise.
    • Revealed the presence of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding transitions between single and double limit cycle phases in nonequilibrium systems.
    • The findings highlight the significant role of phase-amplitude coupling in shaping system dynamics and critical behavior.
    • The results offer insights into the complex dynamics and phase transitions relevant to various scientific fields.