Neonatal septic arthritis: A tale of two outcomes and literature review

Neonatal septic arthritis is a rare disease that can cause severe sequelae if left undiagnosed. It can affect the joints of infants, potentially accelerating osteonecrosis, joint destruction, and permanent deformities. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecific and can vary significantly from one infant to another, contributing to diagnostic challenges and potential delays.

Two new neonatal patients had fever, red and swollen umbilical cords accompanied by reduced limb movement and swelling.

Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed septic arthritis, blood and umbilical secretion cultures were positive for Staphylococcus. Both the patients underwent arthrotomy, surgical irrigation, and anti-infective treatment.

One patient was diagnosed with septic arthritis of the hip and received treatment only after a 7-day delay from symptom onset, subsequently developing hip joint dislocation as a complication. In contrast, another patient was diagnosed with septic arthritis of the shoulder within 1 day of symptom onset and received prompt treatment, resulting in a favorable prognosis without complications.

This case report highlights the significance of early diagnosis and intervention in neonatal septic arthritis. Furthermore, this report underscores the importance of educating parents regarding proper umbilical cord care and vigilant monitoring of newborns to minimize the risk of infections that could progress to septic arthritis. Early medical attention and parental awareness are crucial for reducing morbidity associated with this condition.