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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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Defect-Driven Ionic Trap Construction and Interface Modulation for Rapid Li+ Kinetics in Composite Solid

Jiaming Wen1, Bin Qiu1, Yubin Guan1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered fillers with shallow ionic traps enhance lithium-ion transport in composite solid electrolytes (CSEs). This innovation enables stable, high-performance lithium metal batteries with improved safety and longevity.

Keywords:
carbon nitridecomposite solid electrolyteinterface modulationshallow ionic trap

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) offer safety and flexibility for lithium metal batteries.
  • Challenges include slow ion transport and unstable interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of inorganic fillers in regulating ion migration in CSEs.
  • To develop a novel filler for enhanced lithium-ion conductivity and interfacial stability.

Main Methods:

  • Milled carbon nitride with oxamide incorporation (MCNOI) was synthesized as a defect-engineered filler.
  • MCNOI introduces nitrogen vacancies acting as shallow ionic traps.
  • Electrochemical performance of CSEs with MCNOI was evaluated in lithium metal batteries.

Main Results:

  • MCNOI created shallow ionic traps, facilitating reversible Li+ capture/release and continuous conduction pathways.
  • CSEs with MCNOI exhibited a high Li+ transference number (0.68).
  • Optimized CSEs demonstrated ultralong cycling stability (>3000 h) and excellent full-cell durability (92.3% retention after 1800 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • Defect-engineered fillers can actively regulate Li+ transport in CSEs.
  • The ionic-trap framework redefines design strategies for durable, high-performance solid-state batteries.