Potential Therapeutic Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Opioid Use Disorders: A Literature Review

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a global health crisis, contributing to significant public health challenges and economic loss. Although existing treatments are available, there is a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. This review examined the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, primarily used in diabetes management, as a repurposed treatment for OUD.

We explored preclinical studies that demonstrate how GLP-1 receptor agonists can modulate neurobiological pathways involved in opioid addiction, particularly dopaminergic signaling. We also reviewed initial human clinical trials examining the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on opioid self-administration, relapse behavior, and cravings.

Preclinical data suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists can reduce opioid self-administration and relapse behavior in animal models. Early human clinical trials indicate promising results, showing a potential role for GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing opioid cravings and improving treatment outcomes.

Although early findings are encouraging, further research is needed to confirm these results, optimize dosing regimens, and clarify the underlying mechanisms of action. Given the interplay between metabolic and neuropsychiatric factors in OUD, GLP-1 receptor agonists offer a unique therapeutic advantage. Large-scale clinical trials are essential to determine their long-term efficacy, safety, and integration into comprehensive OUD treatment plans.