Bioactive chitosan packaging films with encapsulated beet leaf extract for preserving chicken fillets

Extending the shelf life of perishable foods like chicken meat while minimizing synthetic preservatives and plastic waste is a key sustainability goal. This study developed an edible, film composed of chitosan (CH), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and beet leaf extract (BE) encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs). Beet leaves, a rich source of phenolics and natural pigments, were valorized into a nanocarrier system to enhance antioxidant protection and controlled release. Structural analyses (FT-IR, SEM, TEM) confirmed successful integration of all components. During 8-day refrigerated storage, the optimized film (2 % CH, 2 % MSNPs, 1 % CNC, 15 % BE) effectively limited oxidative and microbial spoilage, maintaining meat quality by moderating pH, reducing oxidation, and suppressing microbial growth below spoilage thresholds. Compared to control samples, films containing the full bioactive matrix demonstrated superior preservation effects. This multifunctional packaging system offers a scalable, eco-friendly solution for meat protection through synergistic integration of natural bioactives and nanotechnology.