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Designing Resilience for Overlapping Respiratory Epidemics: A One Health Perspective from Seasonal Influenza
Gioacchino Galardo1, Cecilia Ceccarelli2, Francesco Branda3
1Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
The New Microbiologica
|December 23, 2025
Summary
Recent European winters saw co-circulating respiratory viruses and bacteria, including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and group A Streptococcus. This complex overlap amplifies disease severity and strains healthcare systems, necessitating integrated preparedness strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- European winters exhibit simultaneous circulation of influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and group A Streptococcus.
- This overlap creates complex epidemiological scenarios, amplifying disease severity and impacting surveillance systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the evolving landscape of overlapping respiratory epidemics.
- To examine integrated One Health strategies for mitigating the impact of concurrent viral and bacterial outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- Integrated One Health perspective analysis.
- Examination of local epidemiology, diagnostics, antimicrobial stewardship, occupational health surveillance, and architectural design.
Main Results:
- Overlapping respiratory pathogens transform predictable seasonal influenza into a complex challenge.
- Viral-bacterial interactions increase disease severity and risk in diverse populations.
Conclusions:
- Multidimensional preparedness is crucial for preventing mortality and protecting healthcare infrastructure.
- Adaptive strategies are essential for resilience against concurrent viral and bacterial epidemics.
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