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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.6K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
1.6K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

18.8K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

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Transition Metal Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Vinylidene Ligands.

Bastiaan Kooij1, Tak Hin Wong2, Kay Severin3

  • 1Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. bastiaan.kooij@epfl.ch.

Chimia
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Transition metal complexes featuring N-heterocyclic vinylidene ligands are synthesized from N-heterocyclic diazoolefins and metal precursors. These ligands stabilize electron-deficient, low-coordinate metal complexes, advancing coordination chemistry.

Keywords:
DiazoolefinOrganometallic chemistryTransition metalsVinylidene ligand

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • N-heterocyclic carbenes are versatile ligands in organometallic chemistry.
  • Vinylidene ligands offer unique electronic properties for metal complex stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize transition metal complexes utilizing N-heterocyclic vinylidene ligands.
  • To investigate the ligand properties of N-heterocyclic vinylidenes in stabilizing unusual metal centers.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of N-heterocyclic diazoolefins with appropriate transition metal precursors.
  • Spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis of the resulting metal complexes.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of novel transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic vinylidene ligands.
  • Demonstration of N-heterocyclic vinylidenes as potent C-donor ligands.
  • Stabilization of electron-deficient and low-coordinate metal centers.

Conclusions:

  • N-heterocyclic vinylidene ligands provide a powerful route to novel transition metal complexes.
  • These ligands facilitate the stabilization of reactive metal species, expanding the scope of coordination chemistry.