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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Optimizing canine cemented total hip replacement: technical accuracy and learning outcomes in a cadaver model.

K S Kamalesh Kumar1, Rohit Kumar2, T Sai Kumar1

  • 1Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Veterinary Research Communications
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Novice surgeons can achieve acceptable canine total hip replacement (THR) outcomes using cadaver training. However, consistent optimal implant placement requires further refinement and intensive surgical protocols for improved accuracy.

Keywords:
Cadaver trainingCanine total hip replacementCemented THRSurgical accuracyVeterinary orthopaedics

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Canine Biomechanics

Background:

  • Total hip replacement (THR) is effective for canine hip dysplasia.
  • Surgical accuracy is crucial in THR, especially for novice surgeons.
  • Learning curve errors can impact THR outcomes in dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate novice surgeon technical performance in cemented canine THR.
  • Identify common intraoperative deviations during cemented THR.
  • Assess the efficacy of cadaver-based training with mentoring for THR.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve canine cadavers underwent unilateral cemented THR.
  • Preoperative templating used both radiography and CT scans.
  • Postoperative radiographs quantified implant orientation and technical accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Over 80% agreement between templated and implanted components.
  • Statistically significant association found between acetabular cup and femoral stem alignment.
  • Increased canal fill correlated with mild varus/valgus deviations (p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Cadaver training with mentoring can yield reproducible THR results in novice surgeons.
  • Optimal implant placement was not consistently achieved, indicating a need for refinement.
  • Further cadaveric studies and enhanced training protocols are recommended for canine THR accuracy.