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This summary is machine-generated.

In older adults, better physical function, like faster gait speed, is linked to improved executive functions, such as Stroop C performance. This finding highlights the connection between physical and cognitive health in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Accelerated aging in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) increases non-communicable diseases, including dementia.
  • Dementia is a leading cause of disability in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).
  • Physical performance decline accelerates functional decline in older adults, with limited evidence on gait speed and executive function in LAC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between physical performance and executive function in older adults from 12 LAC countries.
  • To investigate the link between gait speed and executive function measures.
  • To contribute to understanding physical performance's role in cognitive health in the LAC region.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 1,243 participants (aged 60-77) from the LatAm-FINGERS initiative.
  • Physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), including gait speed, balance, and sit-to-stand tests.
  • Executive function and processing speed measured via neuropsychological tests (Stroop, fluency, TMT-A/B, CST-MS).

Main Results:

  • Gait speed positively correlated with Stroop C, Stroop P, and semantic fluency.
  • Sit-to-stand performance inversely correlated with Stroop C and CST-MS, and positively with working memory.
  • Gait speed showed a correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.

Conclusions:

  • Higher physical functional performance, specifically gait speed, is associated with better executive functions (Stroop C) and cognitive levels (MMSE) in older adults.
  • This study is the first in LAC to link gait speed with executive function tests like Stroop C.
  • Findings support the utility of physical performance measures for future preventive and diagnostic dual-task applications in cognitive health.