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Nightly sleep disruptions impact next-day cognition in older adults, especially APOE ε4 carriers. Smartphone assessments reveal subtle sleep-cognition links, crucial for Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science and Neurodegeneration Research

Background:

  • Technological advancements facilitate naturalistic cognitive and sleep assessments in daily life.
  • Understanding the impact of nightly sleep on next-day cognition is crucial for older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • This study explores the interplay between cognition, sleep, AD biomarkers, and genetic risk in cognitively normal older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between daily sleep patterns and next-day cognitive performance in cognitively normal older adults.
  • To examine how genetic risk (APOE ε4) and AD biomarkers modify the sleep-cognition relationship.
  • To leverage a novel smartphone-based approach for high-frequency, multi-day assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 344 cognitively unimpaired older adults.
  • Utilized the Ambulatory Research in Cognition (ARC) smartphone application for daily assessments of associate memory, processing speed, and spatial working memory.
  • Collected daily self-reports on sleep satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration; calculated sleep health composites and nightly deviations.
  • Employed linear and generalized additive models, controlling for age, gender, education, APOE ε4 status, and preclinical AD biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Nightly deviations from typical sleep were significantly associated with worse next-day cognition (p = 0.035).
  • This association was particularly pronounced in APOE ε4 carriers (p = 0.017), but not in non-carriers.
  • Weekly sleep and cognition were not significantly associated; preclinical AD biomarker status did not alter daily or weekly sleep-cognition relationships.

Conclusions:

  • High-frequency, multi-day assessments reveal that nightly sleep quality subtly affects next-day cognition in cognitively normal older adults.
  • APOE ε4 carriers exhibit a heightened sensitivity to the cognitive impact of sleep disruptions.
  • Highlights the importance of multidimensional sleep and cognitive assessments for older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.