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Digital sleep biomarkers show promise for detecting early Alzheimer's disease pathology. A novel model using under-mattress sensors identified individuals with significant tau pathology, comparable to blood tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Sleep and circadian disruption are linked to increased dementia risk.
  • Digital sleep biomarkers offer a low-burden method for remote screening of incipient dementia.
  • This study explores using the Withings Sleep Analyzer (WSA) for detecting Alzheimer's-related biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using digital sleep biomarkers for dementia screening.
  • To determine the predictive value of a WSA-based digital sleep biomarker for Alzheimer's pathology.
  • To compare the performance of sleep biomarkers with plasma phosphorylated tau (pTau)217.

Main Methods:

  • Participants from the Insight 46 study underwent serial assessments including amyloid and tau PET scans.
  • The Withings Sleep Analyzer (WSA) collected continuous sleep, circadian, and physiological data.
  • A leave-one-out cross-validation approach was used to develop predictive models for PET status.

Main Results:

  • A total of 63,720 nights of sleep data were collected from 161 participants with WSA and Tau PET data.
  • A trained model identified individuals with Braak3+ tau pathology with an AUROC of 0.75.
  • The model's performance was comparable to plasma pTau217 but less effective for earlier pathological stages.

Conclusions:

  • Remote sleep and circadian monitoring via devices like WSA is feasible in older populations.
  • A digital sleep biomarker model demonstrated potential in identifying significant tau pathology, similar to plasma pTau217.
  • This study provides proof-of-concept for using digital sleep biomarkers in identifying individuals at high risk for clinical Alzheimer's disease.