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Integrating stationary cycling with virtual reality (VR) cognitive training reduced simulator sickness and cognitive workload in older adults. This multimodal approach shows promise for enhancing cognitive resilience and long-term adherence.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive cognitive training for older adults.
  • Simulator sickness and cognitive workload are barriers to VR participation.
  • Combining physical activity with VR may improve engagement and mitigate challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of integrating stationary cycling with VR cognitive training.
  • To compare a VR-Only group, a Cycling-Only group, and a VR with Cycling group.
  • To assess simulator sickness, cognitive workload, and perceived exertion in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-three older adults (50-85 years) were randomized into VR-Only, Cycling-Only, or VR with Cycling groups.
  • Assessments included NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and Short Symptom Checklist (SSC).
  • Data collected weekly for 16 weeks; analyzed using mixed-effects models and repeated measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • The VR-Only group reported higher simulator sickness and cognitive workload than the VR with Cycling group.
  • The VR with Cycling group showed a more gradual increase in discomfort and fewer symptom spikes.
  • Adherence rates were highest in VR-Only (80.95%), followed by Cycling-Only (75%), and lowest in VR with Cycling (70%).

Conclusions:

  • Integrating stationary cycling with VR cognitive training enhances cognitive resilience and reduces adverse effects in older adults.
  • Multimodal interventions are effective for supporting cognitive health and improving adherence.
  • This approach shows potential for early interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.