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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Annie Dang1, Di Wang1, Mohamad Habes2

  • 1UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows distinct patterns of brain atrophy and hypometabolism, impacting different cognitive functions. Separating these biomarkers may improve AD diagnosis and understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits distinct patterns of brain hypometabolism (posterior cingulate, temporoparietal) and atrophy (medial/lateral temporal).
  • This dissociation was noted in 2002 but merged under the 2016 A/T/N framework.
  • Recent iterations of the A/T/N framework (2018, 2024) aim to incorporate more nuanced biomarker profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a large-scale meta-analysis characterizing the dissociation between hypometabolism and atrophy in AD.
  • To compare the behavioral associations of these distinct patterns.
  • To explore their network-level connections and inform biomarker frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized BrainMap databases for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for atrophy and voxel-based physiology (VBP) for hypometabolism meta-analyses.
  • Performed activation likelihood estimation on 412 VBM and 462 VBP contrasts.
  • Employed Mango for visualization and quantification, and meta-analytic connectivity modeling for network analysis.

Main Results:

  • VBM changes primarily affected the hippocampus, temporal gyrus, and insula, linked to explicit memory and emotion.
  • VBP changes predominantly involved the posterior cingulate and parietal lobes, associated with reasoning, explicit memory, and social cognition.
  • Both VBM and VBP alterations demonstrated network-based patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Brain atrophy and hypometabolism in AD present distinct patterns and are associated with different behavioral changes.
  • This dissociation suggests potentially distinct underlying neuropathologies.
  • Advocating for the separation of atrophy and hypometabolism as distinct biomarker categories in AD profiling.