Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.6K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.6K
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

251
DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
251
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

212
Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
212
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

629
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
629
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

460
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
460
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

758
Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
758

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The predictive power of neuropsychological measures in MCI: early detection of dementia conversion.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same author

Cerebrospinal fluid NPTX2/p-tau ratio as a biomarker for cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Clinical Impact and Prognostic Value of Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers in the Very Old.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Naming performance in bilinguals with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity reveals early and multifactorial white matter injury across sporadic and Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Appropriate use recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurology's Behavioural Neurology and Dementia Study Group on anti-amyloid antibodies in the treatment of Alzheimer disease.

Neurologia·2026
Same journal

Patient-derived forebrain cortical organoids reveal biphasic tau-MAP6-microtubule axis dysfunction in tauopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Genetic architecture of the limbic white matter microstructure in aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Greater choroid plexus volume is linked to poor sleep, neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits in older adults: Evidence from the IGNITE Study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Plasma-based neurobiological protein biomarkers as predictors of dementia progression: Insights from longitudinal aging study in India - Diagnostic assessment of dementia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Neuropathology-specific language features in primary progressive aphasia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Dementia blood biomarkers in the context of post-stroke cognitive outcomes: Systematic review and evidence synthesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

751

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Alejandra O Morcillo-Nieto1,2, José Enrique Arriola-Infante1,2, Maria Franquesa-Mullerat2

  • 1Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) shows early white matter changes in Down syndrome (DS) individuals, preceding Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms. This diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) marker is sensitive to AD pathology and small vessel disease (SVD) in DS.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
09:31

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 7, 2019

11.0K
Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

40.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

751
Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
09:31

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 7, 2019

11.0K
Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

40.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Genetics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Down syndrome (DS) confers an exceptionally high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Individuals with DS commonly exhibit radiological signs of small vessel disease (SVD), despite lower prevalence of vascular risk factors.
  • Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) marker for quantifying white matter (WM) damage from cerebral SVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate PSMD alterations across the AD continuum in individuals with DS.
  • To determine the association of PSMD with AD and SVD biomarkers in DS.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 70 healthy controls (HC) and 140 individuals with DS (asymptomatic, prodromal AD, and AD dementia).
  • 3T-MRI including DTI was performed; PSMD was extracted using an automated pipeline.
  • Associations with sociodemographic factors, vascular risk factors (VRF), AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and SVD markers (WM hyperintensities [WMH], microbleeds) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • PSMD showed a stronger age association in DS than in HC, diverging around age 42.
  • PSMD increased linearly along the AD continuum (HC < asymptomatic DS < prodromal DS = dementia DS).
  • PSMD correlated with AD CSF biomarkers and was significantly elevated in DS with microbleeds and WMH.

Conclusions:

  • PSMD alterations in DS begin 10-15 years before clinical AD symptoms.
  • PSMD demonstrates a linear increase with AD clinical stages, AD pathology, and SVD metrics.
  • PSMD shows promise as a sensitive biomarker for early detection of white matter changes in adults with DS.