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Guy Gikelekele1

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Summary
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Neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety and sleep disturbance are linked to specific cognitive deficits in older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the DRC. This highlights the importance of assessing these symptoms for AD diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Limited research exists on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and cognitive function in dementia within Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) research predominantly focuses on Western populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between NPS and cognitive functions in older adults with probable AD in Kinshasa, DRC.
  • To evaluate the utility of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB) in this context.

Main Methods:

  • 114 participants (56 probable AD, 58 normal cognition) matched for age, sex, and education were recruited in Kinshasa.
  • NPS assessed using the NPI; cognitive functions evaluated with the ANB.
  • Multiple linear regression analyzed the association between NPS and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • The most common NPS were irritability, anxiety, and sleep disturbance.
  • Anxiety showed a significant association with the proverb test (p=0.03).
  • Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with visuospatial memory (p=0.05).

Conclusions:

  • NPS are integral to the manifestation of AD and correlate with specific cognitive impairments.
  • The NPI and ANB are valuable tools for diagnosing probable AD in this population.