Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.6K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.6K
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

251
DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
251
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

212
Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
212
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

629
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
629
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

460
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
460
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

758
Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
758

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Music processing in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a functional MRI study.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Autoimmune Encephalitis as Treatment-Responsive Cause of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Ferroptotic neurodegeneration and diet: a narrative review.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

GWAS meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's biomarkers reveals loci regulating lipids, brain volume and autophagy.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Characterizing Individuals Fulfilling Clinical Criteria for Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy in a Tertiary Memory Clinic.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Discovery of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for different dementias using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Correlates and predictors of self-efficacy among dementia caregivers: D-CARE findings.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

What should convince a clinician of disease modification in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials?

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Primary cilia-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: Emerging mechanisms and biomarker potential.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

751

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Niels Reijner1,2,3, Danielle V Toen4, Betty M Tijms5

  • 1Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio detects microstructural changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, correlating with tissue integrity and differentiating AD subtypes. This neuroimaging biomarker shows promise for clinical applications.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
09:31

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 7, 2019

11.0K
Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

40.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

751
Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
09:31

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 7, 2019

11.0K
Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

40.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropathology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Microstructural brain changes precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression.
  • The T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ratio is a potential biomarker for these changes.
  • Understanding the T1w/T2w ratio's sensitivity to microstructural alterations is crucial for its clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the T1w/T2w ratio and histological measures of microstructural changes in AD.
  • To clarify the potential of the T1w/T2w ratio as a neuroimaging biomarker for AD and its subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem and antemortem T1w/T2w MRI scans were acquired from AD and control brain donors.
  • Histological analysis of brain tissue was performed for myelin, neuro-axonal damage, microglia, iron, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and phosphorylated tau (pTau).
  • Statistical models were used to assess the correlation between T1w/T2w ratios and histological markers, adjusted for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Postmortem AD brains exhibited a global decrease in T1w/T2w ratio compared to controls, most pronounced in the hippocampus and parahippocampus.
  • The T1w/T2w ratio was strongly correlated between postmortem and antemortem scans.
  • T1w/T2w ratios correlated with myelin and microglia in both control and AD groups, and additionally with Aβ, pTau, neuro-axonal damage, and iron in the AD group.

Conclusions:

  • The T1w/T2w ratio serves as a broad indicator of cortical tissue integrity in AD, beyond just myelin.
  • The T1w/T2w ratio can effectively distinguish between control and AD brains.
  • Regional T1w/T2w ratio variations can differentiate between clinical subtypes of AD, enhancing its research and clinical applications.