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Cyrus A Raji1, Somayeh Meysami2,3, Soojin Lee4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes and high visceral fat are linked to reduced brain volume, particularly in areas vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). These factors represent key targets for midlife prevention strategies against neurodegeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is increasingly recognized as preventable, with up to 45% of cases linked to modifiable risk factors.
  • Higher visceral fat is associated with atrophy in brain regions susceptible to early AD pathology, such as the hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined impact of high visceral fat and type 2 diabetes mellitus on brain volume loss, a key indicator of neurodegeneration.
  • To explore the relationship between visceral adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and brain atrophy in specific neuroanatomical regions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 4,213 adults utilizing whole-body MRI at 1.5T.
  • Deep learning models quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and brain volumes, including the hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus.
  • Analysis compared brain volumes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and high VAT to controls, adjusting for age, sex, and total intracranial volume.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with type 2 diabetes and the highest quartile of VAT exhibited significantly lower whole brain parenchymal volumes.
  • Reduced hippocampal and posterior cingulate gyrus volumes were observed in type 2 diabetics with high VAT.
  • No significant difference in precuneus volume was found between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with high visceral fat is associated with reduced brain volumes in areas vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
  • These findings highlight type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity as critical targets for secondary prevention of AD, even in midlife.
  • Modifiable risk factors like type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity offer promising avenues for AD risk mitigation through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions.