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Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Caitlin Newman1, Marlene Tejeda2, John J Farrell3

  • 1Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection may decrease tau levels in the brain, suggesting a complex, potentially protective role against Alzheimer's Disease pathology. Further research is needed to understand this relationship.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • Latent herpes infections may influence amyloid and tau pathology, but the direct link to HSV-1 presence and protein deposition is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between HSV-1 DNA quantity and brain amyloid-β and tau deposition in Alzheimer's Disease.
  • To explore the relationship between HSV-1 presence and neurodegenerative markers.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified HSV-1 DNA in whole-genome sequencing data from ADNI and Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participants.
  • Utilized amyloid-β and tau PET imaging data.
  • Employed linear regression models to assess associations between HSV-1 DNA and tau/amyloid SUVRs, controlling for AD status, age, and gender.

Main Results:

  • HSV-1 DNA was detected in 300 participants.
  • No significant association was found between HSV-1 DNA and amyloid PET metrics.
  • HSV-1 DNA showed a significant association with *decreased* tau levels in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus, cerebral white matter, amygdala, CSF, and caudate.

Conclusions:

  • HSV-1 infection may have a complex role, potentially offering protection against tau accumulation in various brain regions.
  • The findings suggest a potential reciprocal protective effect between tau and HSV-1.
  • Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the HSV-1 and tau interaction in neurodegeneration.