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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel marker, SPARE-SM, reveals smoking and amyloid-beta (Aβ) interact to impact cognitive decline, offering early risk identification beyond traditional smoking status.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Smoking is a known cardiovascular risk factor, with emerging links to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
  • The interaction between smoking, Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-beta deposition), and cognitive impairment requires further elucidation.
  • This study introduces SPARE-SM, a machine learning marker quantifying smoking-related brain abnormalities on MRI to investigate these relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between smoking, amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology, and cognitive performance.
  • To evaluate the utility of SPARE-SM, a novel machine learning marker, in assessing smoking's impact on neurodegeneration.
  • To determine if SPARE-SM can identify cognitive decline risks associated with smoking and Aβ pathology.

Main Methods:

  • SPARE-SM was derived from 37,098 cognitively unimpaired individuals and validated in 222 participants with available amyloid status (CSF or PET SUVR).
  • Participants were categorized as Aβ- or Aβ+ based on amyloid deposition.
  • Multivariable regression models assessed interactions between Aβ status, smoking history, and age on SPARE-SM, and associations between SPARE-SM and cognitive performance were examined.

Main Results:

  • While smoking prevalence was similar between Aβ+ and Aβ- groups, SPARE-SM differed significantly.
  • SPARE-SM was higher in smokers with Aβ+ compared to non-smokers with Aβ- (p<0.05), and lower in non-smokers with Aβ+ (p<0.05).
  • Higher SPARE-SM scores correlated with worse cognitive performance, whereas simple smoker/non-smoker classification did not.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking and amyloid pathology appear to have synergistic effects on neurodegeneration, as indicated by SPARE-SM.
  • SPARE-SM shows potential for early identification of cognitive decline risk, outperforming traditional smoking status.
  • Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms linking smoking, amyloid, brain changes, and dementia.