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Environmental noise exposure is linked to neurodegeneration biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Higher noise levels correlated with increased gray to white matter signal intensity ratio (GWR), a new neurodegeneration marker.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Environmental Health
  • Neurodegeneration

Background:

  • Environmental noise exposure is a known risk factor for cognitive impairment.
  • Few studies have investigated the link between noise exposure and brain structural changes.
  • This study introduces the cortical gray to white matter signal intensity ratio (GWR) as a novel biomarker for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between environmental noise exposure levels and GWR.
  • To explore GWR as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration.
  • To determine if noise exposure impacts brain structure as measured by GWR.

Main Methods:

  • 106 cognitively normal participants were divided into high- and low-noise exposure groups based on WHO guidelines.
  • 3D T1-weighted MRI images were used to calculate whole-brain and regional GWR values.
  • T-tests and correlation analyses were performed to compare GWR between groups and with noise levels.

Main Results:

  • The high noise exposure group exhibited significantly higher whole-brain GWR compared to the low noise group (p=0.036).
  • Specific regions, including the left superior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus, showed significantly higher GWR in the high noise group (p<0.05).
  • Whole-brain GWR correlated positively with nighttime noise levels (r=0.203, p=0.037), and regional GWR correlated with both daytime and nighttime noise.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental noise exposure is significantly associated with GWR, a novel neurodegeneration biomarker.
  • This study provides evidence linking noise exposure to structural brain changes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
  • GWR shows promise as a biomarker for assessing neurodegeneration associated with environmental noise exposure.