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Public Health.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceived control influences cognitive health in older adults. Reducing external control may enhance cognitive reserve and improve cognition, particularly in minoritized groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Perceived control, encompassing internal and external factors, is linked to cognitive function.
  • Mechanisms connecting perceived control to cognitive health, especially in diverse aging populations, require further elucidation.
  • This study investigates perceived control's relationship with brain maintenance and cognitive reserve.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how internal and external perceived control relate to longitudinal resilience mechanisms.
  • To assess the roles of brain maintenance and cognitive reserve in linking perceived control to cognitive health.
  • To explore these associations across diverse ethnic groups of older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a diverse cohort (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Caribbean Hispanic older adults).
  • Assessment of brain health (cortical thickness, hippocampal volume, gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities) and global cognition.
  • Statistical modeling (latent growth curve, multiple-group models) to evaluate perceived control's predictive and moderating effects on cognitive trajectories, controlling for brain health.

Main Results:

  • Internal control positively associated with baseline cortical thickness in Caribbean Hispanics.
  • External control showed varied associations with hippocampal volume across ethnic groups (positive for non-Hispanic Black, negative for non-Hispanic White).
  • Greater external control predicted worse initial and long-term cognition, and exacerbated the negative impact of brain health decline on cognition, particularly in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive reserve appears to be a more significant resilience mechanism than brain maintenance in linking perceived control to cognitive health.
  • Distinct ethnic group differences exist in the associations between perceived control, brain health, and cognitive outcomes.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing external control may promote cognitive health via cognitive reserve, especially in minoritized older adults.