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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Diandra N Denier-Fields1, Maisha Islam1, Nathaniel A Chin1

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving cardiovascular health through the American Heart Association's Life's Essential Eight (LE8) may lower Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers like ptau217 and GFAP. This suggests lifestyle factors play a role in dementia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • The American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Essential Eight (LE8) assesses cardiovascular health via eight lifestyle factors.
  • Poor cardiovascular health is linked to cognitive decline and dementia.
  • Blood-based biomarkers are emerging tools for assessing dementia risk, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between LE8 scores and concurrent plasma biomarkers related to AD.
  • To determine if lifestyle factors measured by LE8 correlate with specific AD-related biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • 942 dementia-free participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) cohort were analyzed.
  • LE8 scores were calculated and matched with plasma biomarkers (ptau217, Aβ42/40, GFAP, NfL) measured within a 6-month window.
  • General linear models adjusted for age, sex, and APOE were used to evaluate associations.

Main Results:

  • Higher LE8 scores (indicating better cardiovascular health) were significantly associated with lower concentrations of ptau217 and GFAP.
  • Each point increase in LE8 score correlated with decreased ptau217 and GFAP levels.
  • No significant associations were found between LE8 scores and Aβ42/40 or NfL.

Conclusions:

  • Better cardiovascular health, as defined by LE8, may be linked to reduced levels of certain AD-related plasma biomarkers.
  • Further longitudinal research is required to confirm these associations and their impact on cognitive decline and brain changes.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of lifestyle interventions in dementia prevention strategies.