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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Public Health.

Heeseon Jang1, Hyunji Park1, Hyunah Son1

  • 1Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South).

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Exposure to air pollutant mixtures may accelerate Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Limited understanding of combined air pollutant effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathologies.
  • Need to investigate air pollutant mixtures and subclinical AD imaging markers in dementia-free adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between air pollutant mixtures and AD-specific brain structural pathologies.
  • To assess subclinical imaging markers of AD in relation to air pollution exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 649 dementia-free adults (≥50 years) in South Korea.
  • Brain MRI scans analyzed for AD-specific cortical atrophy and cortical thickness.
  • Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) used to model combined effects of seven air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, Mn10, acetaldehyde, styrene, toluene).

Main Results:

  • Air pollutant mixtures were associated with reduced AD-specific cortical atrophy scores and increased whole-brain cortical thickness.
  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was the most significant contributor to subclinical imaging markers within the pollutant mixture.

Conclusions:

  • Air pollutant mixtures may contribute to the development of AD-specific cortical atrophy in individuals without dementia.
  • Findings highlight potential environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease progression.