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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Pavapriya Ponvel1, Suzana Shahar2, Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh3

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This summary is machine-generated.

A 2-year lifestyle intervention improved cognitive and physical function in older adults with pre-frailty, showing cost-effectiveness for dementia risk reduction in Malaysia.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive frailty (CF) in older adults is a significant risk factor for dementia.
  • Lifestyle-based multidomain interventions offer a potentially reversible approach to managing CF.
  • The AGELESS randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated such an intervention in Malaysia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the 2-year effect of a multidomain intervention on cognitive, physical, and vascular health in older adults with (pre)-CF.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention in a Low-Middle-Income Country (LMIC).
  • To determine the intervention's impact on dementia risk reduction.

Main Methods:

  • 106 Malaysian adults aged 60+ with (pre)-CF were randomized to a multidomain intervention or an educational module.
  • The intervention included physical activity, cognitive training, nutritional, psychological, and cardiovascular care.
  • Primary outcomes (cognitive and physical performance) were assessed over 24 months using the modified Neuropsychological Tests Battery (mNTB) and physical tests.

Main Results:

  • Despite a 50% dropout rate during COVID-19, adherence exceeded 50% for all intervention components.
  • Significant improvements were observed in verbal memory, visual memory, attention, working memory, lower body flexibility, walking speed, and cardiovascular endurance (p < 0.05).
  • While (pre)-CF status did not significantly differ, the intervention demonstrated cost-effectiveness, with the 2-minute step test being most cost-effective at $34 USD.

Conclusions:

  • Multidomain lifestyle interventions are cost-effective and sustainable for promoting healthy aging and reducing dementia risk.
  • The AGELESS trial provides a successful model for developing preventive interventions in LMICs.
  • This approach holds significant potential for dementia risk reduction in populations with prevalent lifestyle-related risk factors.