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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Tamara Khudair1, Mahsa Dadar2,3, Cassandra Morrison1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modifiable risk factors impact brain health across the lifespan, with race influencing these effects. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce dementia risk and racial disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia prevalence is high globally, with modifiable risk factors contributing to cognitive decline.
  • Limited research exists on how midlife vs. late-life risk factor exposure affects cognition and brain structure.
  • Racial disparities in risk factors necessitate research into race-specific impacts on brain health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between risk factor profiles (RFPs) across different life stages (total, past, present) and brain health outcomes.
  • To examine how race (White, Black, Asian) modifies these associations.
  • To assess the impact of RFPs on cognitive functioning and vascular brain health.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 35,513 participants (28,944 White, 5,578 Black, 991 Asian) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset.
  • Employed linear regression models to analyze associations between RFPs, race, cognition, and vascular brain health (white matter hyperintensities [WMH], infarcts).
  • Controlled for age, sex, education, and clinical diagnosis in the models.

Main Results:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were significantly associated with RFPs in White and Black participants.
  • Asian participants showed less change in WMHs and cognitive functioning scores (COGSTAT) compared to White participants, particularly concerning past RFPs.
  • Infarcts were associated with RFPs in White and Asian participants, while Black participants exhibited less change in infarcts compared to Whites.

Conclusions:

  • Risk factor exposures in midlife and late life significantly impact late-life brain health.
  • Racial differences exist in how risk factors affect brain structure and cognitive function.
  • Targeted interventions are crucial to mitigate cognitive decline and address racial disparities in dementia prevalence.