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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

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Public Health.

Semere Bekena1, Ramkrishna Kumar Singh1, Yiqi Zhu1

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

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Summary

Hearing impairment in older adults is linked to poorer cognitive function. Objective hearing tests are crucial, as hearing aid use may offer cognitive benefits, unlike self-reported difficulty.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Midlife hearing loss is a recognized, modifiable risk factor for dementia.
  • Hearing impairment affects a significant portion of older adults, correlating with accelerated cognitive aging.
  • Objective measures like NIH Toolbox Words-in-Noise (WIN) are vital for assessing hearing deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between objective hearing impairment and cognitive function in older adults.
  • To determine the influence of hearing impairment on cognition, adjusting for factors like socioeconomic status and neighborhood noise.
  • To explore potential moderating effects of race and hearing aid use on the hearing-cognition relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involved 420 older adults categorized by normal or impaired hearing using WIN thresholds.
  • Cognitive function was assessed via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC).
  • Multiple linear regressions analyzed associations between hearing measures and cognitive scores, controlling for covariates; interaction terms were tested.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with impaired hearing demonstrated significantly lower scores on both PACC and MoCA compared to normal-hearing participants.
  • Objective hearing impairment (higher WIN thresholds) was significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance (lower MoCA and PACC scores) after adjustments.
  • Hearing aid use correlated with higher PACC scores, suggesting a potential cognitive benefit, whereas self-reported hearing difficulty (HHI) did not predict cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Objective hearing impairment is significantly linked to diminished cognitive performance in older adults.
  • Hearing aid use may confer cognitive advantages, underscoring the importance of audiological intervention.
  • Objective hearing assessments are more reliable than self-reported measures for predicting cognitive function.