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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) protocols ADNI4 and CLARiTI showed strong agreement in the substantia nigra, a key region for neurodegenerative disease research. Differences were noted in small, superficial regions, suggesting protocol choice impacts specific QSM analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is crucial for anti-amyloid clinical trials and patient care, utilizing multi-echo GRE sequences.
  • QSM Consensus recommended at least 1 mm isotropic voxel size for QSM in 2024.
  • Clinical workflows use varying resolutions for microbleed detection (ADNI4: 0.5x0.5x1.8mm³) and QSM (CLARiTI: 1mm³).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare susceptibility estimates between the ADNI4 (anisotropic) and CLARiTI (isotropic) quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) protocols.
  • To evaluate the impact of different QSM acquisition resolutions on detecting group differences in brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired QSM data from 47 subjects (33 cognitively unimpaired, 14 cognitively impaired) using both ADNI4 and CLARiTI protocols in the same session.
  • Defined subject groups based on Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global scores.
  • Generated QSM images using STI Suite software and compared mean susceptibility values in atlas regions.

Main Results:

  • Significant group differences (cognitively unimpaired vs. impaired) were found in the fusiform and middle occipital gyrus with ADNI4, and only in the rectus with CLARiTI.
  • These differing regions are small and near surface-air interfaces, potentially affecting estimation accuracy.
  • ADNI4 and CLARiTI protocols showed excellent agreement (r² > 0.9) in the substantia nigra, a region with high susceptibility due to iron deposition.

Conclusions:

  • QSM protocols ADNI4 and CLARiTI showed strong agreement (r² = 0.93) in the substantia nigra, a critical region for iron-related neurodegeneration.
  • Observed group differences were limited to small, superficial regions, suggesting potential protocol-specific biases.
  • Findings support the use of both protocols, with anisotropic imaging (ADNI4) being time-efficient for microbleed detection.