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Public Health.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular risk factors impact white matter hyperintensities differently in men and women, affecting water content in women and myelin integrity in men. Sex-specific strategies are crucial for preserving brain health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease, a key cause of stroke and cognitive decline, is associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI.
  • Cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) like elevated blood pressure and heart rate contribute to WMH development.
  • WMH microstructural variations reflect underlying pathology such as demyelination and axonal loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).
  • To analyze the impact of CVR on WMH microstructural characteristics using quantitative MRI (qMRI).
  • To explore potential sex differences in the effects of CVR on WMH.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal data from 153 participants (BrainLaus study) with over 14 years of follow-up were analyzed.
  • Multiple cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and their cumulative effect was modeled using Area Under the Curve (AUC).
  • WMH were segmented, and quantitative MRI maps (MTsat, R2*, R1) were generated to assess microstructural changes.

Main Results:

  • Increased CVR, including systolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, correlated with larger WMH volumes.
  • Sex-specific effects were observed: women showed stronger associations for SBP, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.
  • CVR impacted WMH microstructure differently by sex, affecting water content in women and myelin integrity in men.

Conclusions:

  • The influence of cardiovascular risk factors on white matter hyperintensities exhibits significant sex differences.
  • Women experienced greater effects on WMH water content, while men showed more impact on myelin integrity.
  • Sex-specific approaches are recommended for understanding and managing CVR to maintain white matter health and prevent cognitive decline.