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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Public Health.

Prekshya Thapa1, Stella-Maria Paddick2, Nidesh Sapkota3

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Dementia prevalence is high in Nepal

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on dementia and disability burden in Nepal's elderly population.
  • This study addresses the gap by screening cognitive impairment and functional status in community-dwelling older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of dementia, functional impairment, and disability among elderly individuals in Nepal.
  • To identify associated risk factors for dementia in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in two wards of Dharan Sub Metropolitan City, Nepal.
  • Utilized Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline (IQCODE), Brief Community Screening Instrument for dementia (CSI-D), Everyday Ability Scale (EASI), and Barthel Index.
  • Data collected by trained nurses from December 2021 to March 2022.

Main Results:

  • Dementia prevalence was 8.8% (Brief-CSID) and 10.7% (IQ-CODE) in 1009 participants (≥60 years).
  • Risk factors included age ≥75, physical illness, hearing and visual impairments, mobility aid use, illiteracy, and homemaker occupation.
  • Functional impairment (EASI ≥5) was 4.9%, and 19.5% had moderate disability (Barthel Index).

Conclusions:

  • Dementia prevalence is high among older adults in Nepal, linked to various risk factors.
  • Physical illness and sensory impairments represent potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in this demographic.